We discovered that provincial-level energy substitution advantages from coming fuels was in fact quite smaller than those individuals estimated regarding modern-day fuels (Fig
Instance, the better Healing condition was thought to increase this new proportion out of logs in lower levels for example cure total mediocre journal prices, because Restricted Accumulate circumstance are thought to decrease the brand new portion of top-amounts logs, and therefore plus dump overall mediocre log cost
We considered lower and you will large substitution advantages throughout the analyses while the uncertainty throughout the substitution benefits leads to uncertainty into the mitigation efficiency to possess opportunity and you can circumstances . 4), however, modern fuels had higher local differentiation, particularly for places with a high industrial energy demand and you may lower society, much like the results out-of an earlier studies . Within the remote organizations, power play with is changing by way of numerous programs (the newest Clean Opportunity to own Outlying and you may Secluded Communities (CERRC) system , the fresh new Native Out-of-Diesel Effort , plus 2018 the new CleanBC plan revealed the mark to reduce of the 2030 the newest diesel consumption in off-grid groups because of the 80%.
Uncertainty from the replacing benefits for wood factors is analyzed because of the playing with higher and reasonable substitution gurus to have sawnwood and you will panels. A recent summary of degree which have examined substitution advantages getting wood , located the typical unit displacement factor that is in the variety out-of thinking used in this research, however, additional information on displacement products by item type of and country might be of use, also more information on stop-spends and relevant equipment lifetimes (e.grams. [5, 8]). Information regarding substitution gurus having pulp and paper is bound, therefore we presumed there is zero replacing work for, but because of the ratio off C inside category (25% to 34% from timber commodities), polishing such situations possess high impacts on the web GHG reduction. Whatever the concerns in regards to the actual magnitude out of replacement benefits, all of our abilities certainly reveal that higher mitigation benefits can be carried out compliment of regulations spicymatch one (1) improve the C preservation time in harvested wood affairs because of the favouring long-existed over brief-lived items including bioenergy, and you can (2) encourage the usage of wood things to restore emission-extreme materials, age.g. about building sector.
To own coming analyses, it would be best for have spatial information on future people and you will commercial fuel useage each fossil fuel
In terms of the economic analyses, similar studies have compared mitigation costs for various mitigation scenarios at the national scale and for specific activities [45, 56, 68]. In this study, we used regionally differentiated economic assumptions by three broad regions (northern interior, southern interior, coastal region) as well as at the timber supply area (TSA) level for the Bioenergy scenarios in order to capture the spatial variation in market price and production cost (Additional file 1: Table S9). The cost and price assumptions associated with the bioenergy scenarios and the substitution effects were TSA-specific depending on residue availability, bioenergy facility type, transportation distance (simple estimates), and fuel mix. We assumed that log prices would be affected if harvest shifted among log grades due to mitigation scenarios. However, no change in market prices of HWP was assumed in any scenario because HWP prices are usually determined by large-scale markets while log markets are relatively regional. Costs related to forest management were affected if harvest activities were altered by mitigation scenarios, for instance, logging costs increased in conservation scenarios because more dispersed cut blocks were needed to keep the same harvest characteristics (e.g., diameters, tree species, etc.). We also assumed a fixed $50/tCO2e carbon price over the entire period for slashburning as a penalty in the baseline to reflect a possible policy change to include slashburning in BC’s existing carbon pricing . Manufacturing costs were also impacted by changes in production efficiency that then depend on the availability of input materials. Additional recovered fiber under Higher Utilization was assumed to be used in HWP following the same proportions as in the baseline, thus a lower manufacturing cost was assumed for pulp and paper production due to higher efficiency, but a higher manufacturing cost for solid wood products because of lower log quality. Similarly, higher manufacturing costs were assumed for all HWP in the conservation scenarios due to lower efficiency. In the LLP scenario, we assumed economy of scales increased manufacturing costs of pulp and paper (+ 2%) and decreased costs for solid wood products (? 2%) .
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